ABSTRACT
The ethanolic leaves extracts of Hymenocardia acida was screened for anti-diabetic activity based on folklore and little or no work cited in literature. Hymenocardia acida (Family: Hymenocardiaceae) has a very high anti-diabetic potentials which appeared comparable to the control glibenclamide in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. The study evaluated the ethanolic leaves extract of H. acida for anti-diabetic activity in a rat model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In a dose-response study over a six-hour period, 500 mg/kg oral dose of the extract gave the best anti-diabetic activity and was therefore employed in the study. Since daily oral administration of the ethanolic extract of H. acida reduced the raised blood glucose levels observed during the 14 days studies. The extract did not demonstrate any acutely toxic effect in rats within the dose range (250 mg/kg - 5000 mg/kg) employed in the study; hence it was well tolerated by the rats. In all experiments, the effect was dose-dependent and comparable to that of glibenclamide (2 mg/kg), an oral sulfonylurea standard used in the experiments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
List of tables viii
List of figures viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 2
1.2 Statement of the problems 3
1.3 Aims and objective 4
1.4 Justification of study 4
1.5 Limitation of study 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 5
2.1 Classification of Hymenocardia acida 5
2.2 Medicinal use of Hymenocardia acida 6
2.3 Properties of Hymenocardia acida 8
2.4 Other types of antidiabetic plants 9
2.5 Medicinal plant and there cure to diabetes mellitus 11
2.6 Treatments of diabetes mellitus 13
2.7 Antidiabetic drug and method of discoveries 16
2.8 Plants and there therapeutic activities on diabetes mellitus and
disease in general 21
2.9 Diabetes mellitus in subsaharan Africa 23
2.10 Diabetes mellitus in animals 23
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Apparatus and regents used 25
3.1 Methods 25
3.1.1 Collections of sample 26
3.1.2 Extraction 26
3.2 Phytochemicals 26
3.2.1 Detection of alkaloids 26
3.2.2 Detection of Tannins 26
3.2.3 Detection of Saponin 27
3.2.4 Detection of Flavanoids 27
3.2.5 Detection of Fats and oil 27
3.2.6 Detection of Reducing sugar 27
3.3 Experimental animals 27
3.4 Acute toxicity 28
3.5 Induction of diabetes mellitus 28
3.6 Experimental protocol 29
3.7 statistical analysis 29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and discussion 30
4.1 Results 30
4.1.1 Percentage yield of the extract 30
4.1.2 Preliminary phytochemical screening result 30
4.2 Acute Toxicity 32
4.3 Blood glucose level 34
4.4 Discussion 34
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendations 36
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2 Recommendation 36
Reference 37
